JURNAL BIOMEDIKA DAN KESEHATAN (JOURNAL OF BIOMEDIKA AND HEALTH)

Vol. 8 No. 2 (2025) pp. 127-141
e-ISSN: 2621-5470

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

A Quantitative Survey on Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern in Three Indonesian Hospitals  Using Digital Antimicrobial Stewardship

Survei Pola Kuantitas Peresepan Antibiotik di Tiga Rumah Sakit di Indonesia dengan Penatagunaan Antimikroba Digital

Ronald Irwanto Natadidjaja1,2,3 , Widyawati Lekok2,8, Aziza Ariyani1, Hadianti Adlani1,4,5, Raymond Adianto1, Ronaningtyas Maharani1, Hadi Sumarsono1, Yenny Yenny2,3, Jihan Samira2,3, Nany Hairunisa2,3, Husnun Amalia2,3, Meutia Atika Faradilla2,3, Tubagus Ferdi Fadilah2,3, Joice Viladelvia Kalumpiu2,3, Yuliana Yuliana2, Sri Mulyani5, Desi Anggiat5, Triyoko Septio Marja5, Iin Indra Pertiwi6, Dianawati Dianawati6, Grace Nerry Legoh7, Alvin Lekonardo Rantung7

1. RASPRO Indonesia Study Group
2. Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
3. Trisakti – RASPRO Indonesia Antimicrobial Stewardship (TRIASE) Learning Centre, Indonesia
4. Faculty of Medicine, Syarif Hidayatulah State Islamic University
5. Hermina Hospital Group Indonesia
6. Tugu Ibu Hospital, Depok, Indonesia
7. Advent Bandung Hospital, Indonesia
8. Trisakti School of Management, Indonesia

Corespondent: ronald@trisakti.ac.id
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18051/JBiomedKes.2025.v8.127-141

ABSTRACT
Background Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) is very essential. There are three categories of antimicrobial agents as recommended by WHO: Access, Watch and Reserve. e-RASPRO, a digital ASP model, may alter antibiotic prescribing patterns by prioritizing Access category antibiotic prescribing.
Methods
Our manuscript presented a quantitative survey on antibiotic prescribing patterns within 3 months and 9 months before and after implementing digital electronic-RASPRO (e-RASPRO) in three Indonesian hospitals, utilizing retrospective inpatient data. This analysis included the appropriateness of empirical antibiotic prescribing and the quantity of antibiotic prescribing based on each category.
Results
In the first 3 months, we found that 90.16%, 83.98%, and 81.15% of patients were included in Type 1 Risk Stratification. The appropriateness of initial empirical antibiotic prescribing with the digital guideline on antimicrobial use of e-RASPRO in three hospitals was 81.59%, 76.09% and 24.48%, respectively. Within 9 months after implementing e-RASPRO in Hospital A and B and within 3 months in Hospital C, there was a trend of reduced quantity of Watch category antibiotic prescribing of 54.93% (-58.86% per inpatient), 21.11% (-9.97% per inpatient), and 8.59% (-4.15% per inpatient), respectively. There was a 12.42% (+2.61 % per inpatient) and 223.17% (+268.83% per inpatient) increase in the quantity of Access category antibiotic prescribing in Hospitals A and B, while in Hospital C, the quantity decreased by 6.81% (-2.29% per inpatient).
Conclusions
There are changes in antibiotic prescribing patterns, particularly in the antibiotics included in the Watch and Access categories following the implementation of e-RASPRO. The relationship between digital antimicrobial stewardship use and the results still needs further research.

Keywords: Access; Digital Antimicrobial Stewardship; Quantity; Survey; Watch.